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The Evolution Site The concept of natural selection as the basis of evolution is the unifying force in modern biology. It combines disciplines like microbiology, palaeontology, and genetics. However the study of evolution is often controversial, and the resultant misinformation can confuse people regarding its basic concepts. This site can help to clarify the fundamental concepts. What is Evolution? Modern evolutionary theory focuses on the gradual and cumulative changes that happen in populations over time. These changes are the results of natural selection. This is a process that increases the number organisms with beneficial traits, which help them to live and reproduce in particular environments. These organisms produce more offspring as a result of the positive characteristics. This causes a genetic change that can eventually lead to the development of new species. The term “evolution”, is often associated with “survival-of-the fittest” which implies that people who are better adaptable to specific environmental conditions will have a distinct advantage over those who are less well-adapted. However it is only one of the many ways that evolution can occur. Another common way the term “evolution” is used to suggest that a species will eventually progress from one state to the next one. This view of evolution is referred to as anagenetic or cladogenesis. The definition of evolution in science is not in agreement with this view. The evolutionary theory that scientists have developed change focuses instead on the changes that occur in populations over time. These changes are the result mutations which result in natural selection and genetic variation. Charles Darwin was one of the scientists who backed this view. Alfred Russel Wallace who developed the macroevolution theory believed this was the only way in which the higher living forms could have evolved. A concept must be able stand against rigorous tests and evidence to be considered a theory. The evidence for evolution has stood the test of time and has been backed by a myriad of studies across a wide range of scientific disciplines, ranging from geology to biology to astronomy. 에볼루션 무료체험 is a fundamental concept in science and is believed by a majority of scientists across the globe. Many people are misinformed about the nature of evolution theory particularly how it is connected with religion. What is the Theory of Evolution? Evolution is an explanation for how living things change over time. It is based on few well-established facts: that many more offspring are born than can survive and that different individuals have their physical traits and they can transmit traits to future generations. These findings are backed by an increasing body of evidence derived from molecular biology, palaeontology and climatology functional morphology geology. The theory of evolution based on natural selection was initially conceived by Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace in the mid-19th century to explain why organisms are adapted to their biological and physical environments. It is the most well-supported and validated theory in science. Its predictions were confirmed by the fact, for example that more complex organisms have fewer genetic mutations. The more successful an organism gets in terms of its longevity and reproducing, the more likely it will pass its genes on to future generations. Some people oppose evolution based on the belief that it implies that there is no purpose to life. Many scientists who are religious believers such as the Cambridge palaeontologist Simon Conway Morris (BioLogos, 2014), believe that evolution is compatible with faith in God and even enhanced by it. In fact, a large number of highly qualified evolutionary biologists, including some who are respected evangelical Christian leaders are involved in the creation and testing of the theory of evolution. Many of these researchers contributed to the understanding of a wide range phenomena, including genomics and phylogenetics and also the formation and function fossils. The word “theory” is often used to refer to an assumption or speculation, when in fact it refers to a scientific hypothesis that has been thoroughly tested and refined over time. Scientists test their theories by repeating the experiment or observations that led to them. Thus the theory of evolutionary theory has been repeatedly confirmed as have the corresponding theories of Copernican theory, atomic theory, and germ theory. What is the Process of Evolution? The process of evolution is a gradual change in the genetically diverse individuals within a species over time. This is the result of natural selection of individuals who are better adapted to their environment. The more adapted individuals have a greater chance of survival and reproduction. As more of these individuals survive and reproduce their genes become more common within the population. This process is sometimes called “survival for the fittest.” According to the theory of evolution the mutations that result in genomic variation are the primary material for evolution. These mutations can occur at random or be affected by the environment. If mutations occur in a random manner, the allele frequencies can vary from generation-to-generation. If a mutation is beneficial it can increase the frequency of the allele which causes the allele to be spread across the population. Changes in the frequency of alleles can result in new species over time. The new species can then continue to evolve and become newer forms. This process is known as macroevolution. The development of new species is often due to changes in the environment which make certain resources available or creates new environmental challenges. For instance, the rise of finches in the Galapagos Islands is a result of the abundance of foods and the need to protect themselves from predators. In a broader context the term “evolution” can be described as any change in the character of living organisms over time. The change could be small or even the creation of a new coloration or massive, for instance, the development of a brand new organ. Scientists who accept the theory of evolution generally agree on the significance of genetic change in the process that causes evolution. They also believe that evolution is a process that happens over time, typically over a period of millions of years. However, they differ over the role of different factors in accelerating or retarding this process, such as the impact of environmental pressures, sexual selection and mutation bias. Despite these differences, the majority of scientists believe that evolution has occurred and that the evidence for this is overwhelming. What evidence can be found for evolution? Since Darwin's time, scientists have collected evidence to back his theory of evolution. A portion of this evidence is derived from fossils which reveal the changing traits of living things over time. Another evidence comes from similarities among living organisms, embryology, biogeography, genetics and comparative anatomy. The most important proof of evolution can be found in the evolutionary tree, which illustrates how species are related. Homologous structures are another source of evidence. They have a similar structure but perform different functions in different species, like the wing of a bat or bird. Evolution is evident in that different species adapt and grow to similar environments. For instance, arctic foxes and Ptarmigans wear white fur coats which blend with snow and ice. This is a kind of convergent evolutionary process, which suggests that the species have shared common ancestors. Vestigial structures are another piece of evidence. These are parts of an organism that may serve a function in the past. For instance, the human appendix is a vestige of a once-used organ that was used to digest food. Natural selection causes these structures to shrink as they cease to be used. Scientists have also gathered additional evidence for evolution through observation and experimentation. The evidence for evolution is grouped into six categories: directly observable small-scale changes, biogeographic distribution as well as comparative anatomy, fossil record, classification and genetics. Each of these categories provides solid evidence for the evolution of life. Many people are misinformed about the theory of evolution. But, it's a fact. It is not a speculative theory, but a powerful collection based on decades of observation. Scientists continue to collect and analyze new data to better understand the history of Earth's existence regardless of whether people believe in the theory of evolution or not. This information will aid scientists understand how to prevent future catastrophes on the planet and how to best use our planet's resources. It will also enable us to better meet the needs of people living on the planet.